New York Labor Law Section 241(6) Protects Construction Workers

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For anyone working on construction sites, knowing how the law protects you is important. Construction sites are, by their very nature, dangerous. Workers are constantly exposed to dangerous working conditions, including defective power tools, fall hazards, insufficient safety devices, falling objects, and electrical hazards. When a worker gets injured and cannot work, New York’s Labor Law Section 241(6) provides a means of recovery for individuals injured at construction sites beyond the relatively low compensation available through Workers’ Compensation Law, which often does not provide sufficient funds to support the injured employee. 

Labor Law Section 241(6) provides that when a person who is lawfully at a construction site is injured due to a violation of New York’s Industrial Code, the building owner and general contractor can be responsible for the injury. The law developed as a way for the State of New York to protect construction workers from hazardous work conditions. Without this protection, construction workers would be at the mercy of their employer, the general contractor or the building owner. If a worker were provided with inadequate equipment or exposed to a dangerous workplace, the worker generally would not have the authority or financial security to insist on safer working conditions. Before these provisions of New York’s Labor Law were enacted, when those workers were injured, they often ended up relying on public assistance because they could no longer work.  Section 241(6) of the Labor Law was designed to shift the cost of covering injured workers away from the State of New York and instead to the parties most able to control working conditions and pay for workers’ injuries – the building owner and general contractor. 

Trief & Olk handles a wide variety of construction accident cases, from defective power saws, to nail gun cases, to falls from ladders and scaffolds. One of the more unusual cases involved a construction executive who suffered an electric shock at a construction site because of a dangerously installed wire. Trief & Olk won its Labor Law Section 241(6) claim against the building owner without the need for a trial by presenting evidence that, as a matter of law, a specific section of the Industrial Code concerning electrical hazards, Industrial Code 23-1.13, had been violated. Defendant then attempted to deny that plaintiff suffered an electric shock, but plaintiff presented ample evidence to refute that theory, including opinions from the defendant’s own medical experts, five of whom wrote in their reports that the plaintiff suffered an electric shock or had objective symptoms consistent with electric shock.

If you are a construction worker or a person who was lawfully at a construction site and suffered an accident, Trief & Olk is available to answer your questions. Feel free to leave us a submission via our website or call us directly to discuss how we may help you.

Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.

Expansion of Damages In Wrongful Death Awaits NY Governor Hochul’s Approval

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Historically, New York State has not permitted recovery for grief and sympathy for the family members that have lost someone due to any form of negligence. This may be changing.

The New York Senate and Assembly recently passed Bill S74A, also known as the Grieving Families Act, and it is hoped and expected that Governor Hochul will sign the bill into law. If passed, the law would significantly expand the damages available in wrongful death actions in a number of ways:

  • The statute of limitations to bring a wrongful death action would be extended from two years to three years and six months.
  • Emotional damages will be allowed if the party causing the death is found liable for causing that death.  The current law only allows recovery of economic damages, such as economic hardship caused by the income lost as a result of the death.  The current law does not permit recovery for damages of grief, sympathy, and loss of companionship or consortium, but this would change with passage of the new law.
  • Close family members will be permitted to recover damages suffered from the death of a family member that was caused by negligence.  Under the current law, only distributees of the estate (including parents, spouses and children) were permitted to recover.
  • The new law would take effect immediately and apply to pending actions already commenced. 

If these significant alterations to the wrongful death statute are signed into law as expected, we anticipate a significant increase in recoverable damages in wrongful death cases for all currently pending and future lawsuits. 

Trief & Olk represents individuals in a wide variety of personal injury accidents, including wrongful death actions.  If you have lost a loved one due to the negligence and another party, contact Trief & Olk by telephone or our website submission form to find out how Trief & Olk can help you.

U.S. Department of Labor reviews independent contractor rule

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In recent years, many employers have decided to misclassify certain workers as independent contractors, rather than employees. Doing so allows companies to save significant expenses such as payroll taxes, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, and other expenses typically paid by employers.  Additionally, misclassifying workers as independent contractors enables the employers to avoid various obligations they would have to employees in terms of compliance with minimum wage and overtime laws (both the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and similar state laws) or providing benefits such as health insurance or paid vacation time.  

The practice of misclassifying workers as independent contractors became particularly widespread after Uber and Lyft paved the way by using app-based platforms to hire and assign workers. Other industries have seized upon the app-based model, reclassifying workers who had always been considered employees as independent contractors, such as:

  • Nurses employed through staffing agencies;
  • Other employees hired through employment agencies;
  • Technicians;
  • Agricultural workers;
  • Security guards; and
  • Janitors/Cleaning staff.

Along with the expansion of the misclassification practice came more complaints from workers about their pay and working conditions, generating more lawsuits.  In light of the frequency of challenges to whether workers are truly independent contractors, courts and government regulators have been reviewing the standards used to make the determination of who is properly classified as an independent contractor and who is an employee.  

In federal courts, for approximately 75 years, the overall analysis was designed to look at the “economic realities” of the arrangement between the employer and worker.  The courts set out a number of criteria to consider:

  • Whether person performing the services is engaged in their own business or practice from which they can profit from their own managerial skill (and face risk of loss if the business does not succeed);
  • The worker’s investment in equipment, tools, and materials required to perform the work;
  • The extent of permanence of the work relationship; 
  • The nature and degree of control by the employer over the worker (including the extent of direct supervision; control over schedule and pricing; and quality control);
  • Whether the work that is done is an important part of the employer’s regular business; and
  • The degree of skill and independent initiative required to perform the work.

In early January 2021, in the waning days of the Trump administration, the United States Department of Labor (“DOL”), which oversees enforcement of federal wage and hour laws (i.e., the FLSA), issued a rule intended to narrow the application of the factors above as to who is an employee, resulting in a more favorable set of rules for employers. The current DOL Secretary is now seeking to reverse the impact of that letter, issuing a proposed rule in October 2022, which would keep in place the traditional criteria outlined above. In response to the proposed rule, parties on either side of the issue were able to submit comments to the DOL through December 15, 2022.  

Trief & Olk represents employees in actions under the FLSA and state laws in individual as well as collective or class actions challenging unlawful wage and hour practices, including misclassification of employees as independent contractors or as exempt from minimum wage and overtime requirements. We will continue to monitor the status of the DOL’s rule regarding independent contractor classification and provide updates as applicable.  If you believe your employer has incorrectly classified you as an independent contractor, please contact us.

Trief & Olk Prevail at Trial on Minimum Wage & Overtime Claims

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After a bench trial presided over by Magistrate Judge Roanne Mann in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Trief & Olk was victorious against a Brooklyn-based supermarket, 5th Ave. Kings Fruit & Vegetables Corp. (known as 5th Ave. Kings Supermarket) and its owner, winning minimum wage and overtime back-pay for our client, Leonardo Aponte.  Mr. Aponte worked the overnight shift in the Defendants’ store for many years but was not paid minimum wage or overtime as required by the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and New York Labor Law (“NYLL”).  The Defendants’ position was that Mr. Aponte was simply not an employee at all, suggesting that he chose to travel from the Bronx to Brooklyn at 11:00 pm five or six nights a week, just to spend time hanging around the store.  Magistrate Judge Mann rejected this version of events, finding the testimony of the storeowner not to be credible.  In contrast, the court viewed Mr. Aponte as a reliable witness, particularly given that his testimony was supported with other evidence such as photos and testimony of a fellow employee.  She thus concluded that Mr. Aponte was an employee and had not been properly paid.  See Aponte v. 5th Ave. Kings Fruit & Vegetables Corp., et al., 2022 WL 3655185 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 25, 2022).

Click here to view the full case.

If you believe that you have a claim against an employer for failure to pay proper wages or other violations of federal or state wage and hour laws, feel free to contact Trief & Olk for a consultation.

Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.

 

Security Technicians Reach $5 Million Settlement for Unpaid Wages, Negotiated by Trief & Olk Team

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Trief & Olk announces a $5 million settlement reached in a collective action against Defenders, Inc., filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Archer v. Defenders, Inc., No. 1:18-cv-00470-SB. The settlement provides compensation to approximately 560 security alarm installation technicians who had suffered violations under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act for the failure of Defenders, Inc. to compensate the plaintiffs for all hours worked, resulting in insufficient overtime payments.  

The Court approved the settlement on October 11, 2022, clearing the way for the plaintiffs to receive an average of $2,700 per person, with funds to be distributed to the claimants in late November based upon the length of their employment.  In its Memorandum Order approving the settlement, the Court praised the work of the attorneys and the terms of the settlement, noting that the “employees are getting a good deal and the attorneys request reasonable fees.”  To read the Court’s opinion, see [link to memorandum opinion].  The settlement was also reported by Bloomberg News on October 12, 2022.

If you believe that you have a claim against an employer for failure to pay proper wages or other violations of federal or state wage and hour laws, feel free to contact Trief & Olk for a consultation.

Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.

Trief & Olk Secures A $2.5 Million Settlement For Injured Plaintiff

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Trial attorneys Ted Trief and Jason Kaufer, on the morning of trial, negotiated a settlement of $2,500,000 for a plaintiff who had his right leg amputated below the knee after being struck and run over by a New York City subway. After entering the 23rd Street and 8th Avenue northbound subway station, the intoxicated plaintiff fell from the subway station platform onto the train tracks. A northbound “C” train struck and ran over the plaintiff.  The New York City Transit Authority’s defense was that this accident was solely caused by the plaintiff due to his intoxication. Trief & Olk argued that New York City Transit Authority was responsible for plaintiff’s injuries, despite intoxication being a proximate cause, because (i) it was conceded that the train operator saw the plaintiff fall onto the tracks, (ii) the train operator failed to utilize the train’s emergency brake as she was supposed to under these circumstances and (iii) had the emergency brake been used, the train operator had ample time to stop the train prior to running over the plaintiff. The train operator’s action were recorded on the train’s “black box”.  No settlement offers were made by defendants prior to the morning of trial.

Trief & Olk was able to reach this settlement by building an irrefutable case against the defendants through aggressive discovery tactics and a team of expert witnesses.  

After extensive motion practice, the New York City Transit Authority finally provided Trief & Olk with the pertinent documents to the prosecution of this case including the specifications for the train involved in this accident, the specifications of the train station where this accident took place and, most importantly, the Event Data Recorder for the train in question. The subway train’s Event Data Recorder is the equivalent of a plane’s black box, an electronic recording devise that documented a second-by-second account of the actions of the subway train and of the train operator leading up to the time of this accident. Through the Event Data Recorder, Trief & Olk learned the precise location of the train on the tracks at the time that the train operator applied the brakes, the speed of the train at the time that the train operator applied the brakes, the manner in which the train operator applied the brakes, how far the train travelled after the train operator applied the brakes, the precise location of the train on the tracks when it came to a complete stop, and the precise location of the plaintiff when he was struck by the train.  

 

Armed with the data regarding the subway train in question, the deposition of the train operator solidified the liability of the New York City Transit Authority for this accident. The train operator conceded that she saw the plaintiff falling onto the tracks before the train entered the subway station and testified that she immediately applied the emergency brake to stop the train. The Event Data Recorder confirms that the train operator applied the brakes in response to seeing the plaintiff but reveals that she did not apply the emergency brake as she claimed and had been trained to do. Instead, she applied the regular dynamic brake that is utilized to stop the train under normal non-emergent circumstances. Through discovery, Trief & Olk learned, by way of the New York City Transit Authority’s own studies, that the train in question would have stopped in 250 feet had the emergency brake been applied as opposed to the dynamic brake.  Due to the train operator’s failure to apply the emergency brake, the train travelled 425 feet, striking the plaintiff, before coming to a stop. Based upon the location of the plaintiff on the tracks, the train would have stopped approximately 125 feet before reaching plaintiff had the train operator applied the emergency brake.  

Trief & Olk supported plaintiff’s case with a team of experts to explain defendant’s liability and plaintiff’s damages. The team included an engineer to discuss how and why the train operator was negligent in the operation of the train, an orthopedist to discuss the plaintiff’s multiple injuries, including the amputation of his right leg below the knee, a prosthetics expert to discuss plaintiff’s future needs, a life care plan expert to explain the cost of all of the medical care and prosthetic replacements needed by the plaintiff for the remainder of his life and an economist to discuss the financial losses sustained by plaintiff as a result of his future medical needs and his loss of earnings.  

Trief & Olk represents individuals in a wide variety of personal injury accidents, including train and subway station accidents. If you have been injured in a train accident, or by any other cause, contact Trief & Olk by telephone or our website submission form to find out how Trief & Olk can help you.

Trief & Olk negotiates a $650,000 settlement for 2 minutes of conscious pain and suffering

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Trief & Olk secured a settlement of $650,000 for the family of a warehouse worker that was killed by the collapse of an industrial shelving unit. The decedent was working for an auto parts store in its warehouse in Bronx, New York. While attempting to retrieve auto parts from a shelf within the warehouse, the industrial shelving unit collapsed onto the decedent, crushing him and killing him almost instantaneously.

Trief & Olk aggressively litigated this matter even before the lawsuit was filed. Through a pre-suit Court Order, Trief & Olk’s expert was permitted to inspect the scene of the accident and shelving unit in question. At the inspection, it was revealed that the shelving unit was never secured to the adjacent wall or to the floor as mandated by the manufacturer of the shelving unit and that the supporting crossbeams that were initially installed were not present on the date of this accident.

The death of a loved one is difficult under any circumstances, but a loved one being killed due to the negligence of another party is unfathomable. Sadly, the laws in the State of New York do not make it any easier for the families of those that suffer a loss at the hands of a negligent party. New York is among the very few states in this country that do not recognize the grief and sorrow that a family member goes through when they lose a loved one. Pecuniary, or financial, losses by the family due to the death are the only recoverable compensation that the family is directly entitled to in a wrongful death action.  

The decedent was 22 years old at the time of his death, was not married, had no children and was not providing any financial support or services to anyone. His only surviving beneficiaries were his parents. Defendants argued that the wrongful death part of this case had no value under New York law.

However, the family of an accident victim can also bring an action, on behalf of their deceased family member, for the conscious pain and suffering experienced by the decedent from the time of the accident to the time of the death. Defendants argued that this portion of plaintiff’s case also had minimal value, if any, as the decedent died almost instantaneously after the accident. The first settlement offer by the defendants’ insurance companies was a combined $100,000.  

Trief & Olk supported plaintiff’s claim of conscious pain and suffering with an expert in forensic medicine. The expert, through thorough analysis of the autopsy findings, determined the mechanism of the decedent’s death and supported the conclusion that the decedent remained conscious for at least two minutes from the time of the accident until he lost consciousness and ultimately passed due to his devastating injury. The expert further supported the conclusion that the decedent experienced excruciating pain and suffering during this two minute period.

Trief & Olk represents individuals in a wide variety of personal injury actions, including workplace accidents. If you have been injured in a workplace accident, or by any other cause contact Trief & Olk by telephone or our website’s submission form to find out how Trief & Olk can help you.

Trief & Olk Secures $4M Settlement for Injured Plaintiff

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Trief & Olk obtained a settlement of $4 million for a plaintiff who had his left, non-dominant hand amputated in an industrial meat grinder. The plaintiff was working for an outside cleaning company and was tasked with cleaning an industrial meat grinder at a meat processing facility in Bronx, New York. While disassembling the machine, the machine’s foot pedal installed by the meat processing facility was unintentionally activated, turning the machine on and catching the plaintiff’s hand in the grinder. Trief & Olk argued that the meat processing plant was responsible for the injury because (i) it negligently altered the meat grinder in a manner that made it more dangerous, (ii) it failed to de-energize the meat grinder prior to the cleaning crew’s arrival, and (iii) it left the pedal on the floor in a location where it could be unintentionally activated. The defendant’s insurance company originally offered $500,000.

Trief & Olk was able to reach the settlement by building a case through aggressive discovery tactics and a team of experts.

The discovery started pre-suit, when Trief & Olk obtained a Court Order permitting an inspection of the machine. During that inspection, Trief & Olk discovered that the pedal on the machine lacked side protection to prevent unintentional activation of the machine. At the second inspection, the pedal had been changed to one with side protection. The meat processing facility attempted to argue that the new pedal was on the machine on the date of incident, but the photographs from the first inspection proved otherwise.

Trief & Olk was also able to obtain the deposition testimony of two employees of the meat processing facility. At those depositions, Trief & Olk exposed the fact that the machine had been altered by the meat processing facility to operate with a free-moving pedal rather than hand-operated buttons located a safe distance from the machine’s grinding mechanism. Trief & Olk also got the employees to confirm that the defendant had no de-energization policies and would routinely leave their machines plugged in with the pedals on the floor where they could be unintentionally activated by the incoming cleaning crew.

The meat processing facility attempted to pass the blame onto the plaintiff by arguing that the plaintiff was responsible for de-energizing the machine prior to cleaning. However, Trief & Olk identified OSHA regulations that placed that responsibility squarely on the meat processing facility, coupled with testimony from plaintiff’s supervisor placing the responsibility with the meat processing facility.

Trief & Olk supported plaintiff’s case with a team of experts to explain the defendant’s liability and plaintiff’s damages. The team included an engineer to discuss how and why the machine was defective, an orthopedist to discuss the plaintiff’s fractures and amputation, a prosthetics expert, a vocational rehabilitation expert to discuss plaintiff’s inability to work post-accident, and a life care plan expert to explain to the jury the cost of all of the care and replacement services needed by the plaintiff for the remainder of his life.

Trief & Olk represents individuals in a wide variety of personal injury actions, including machine and workplace accidents. If you have been injured in a machine accident, workplace accident, or by any other cause contact Trief & Olk by telephone or our website’s submission form to find out how Trief & Olk can help you.

Who to Sue for Construction Accidents

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When construction workers are injured on the job, they are usually unable to bring personal injury lawsuits against the most obviously responsible party, their employers, due to the Workers’ Compensation Law. Fortunately, New York’s legislature enacted New York’s Labor Laws, designed to protect construction workers who often do not have control over their working conditions. The Labor Laws, specifically, Labor Law Sections 240 and 241(6), provide that the building owner and general contractor may be held liable for injuries to construction workers, even when the owner and general contractor have no direct involvement in the incident. The goal of these laws is to shift the burden of such injuries away from the powerless workers and New York State (which support injured workers through public assistance programs, if they cannot return to work) and onto the parties with both the financial means to pay (often through insurance coverage) and the ability to control the work environment.

When pursuing a Labor Law claim, it is extremely important to have an attorney who can identify the proper parties to sue, particularly the correct owner of the building or property. Information such as who holds the deed for a property may be available online or at local county record keeping offices. In cases involving apartment buildings, though, this is just the first step. Next, the attorney must determine whether the building is a rental building, a condominium or a housing cooperative (coop), to determine the proper party to sue. This can be very complicated and can lead to suing the wrong party, if the investigation is not thorough. For example, in one case, the Court found that one defendant could not be held liable under New York Labor Law because that entity had converted the building to condominiums, after which a different entity, the Board of Members, was given ownership of the boiler room where the accident occurred. As another example, when there is a lawsuit based on an accident that occurred within an apartment in a coop building, the individual coop owner residing in the apartment is usually exempt from the Labor Law, but the coop board is not.

It is equally crucial to identify the general contractor responsible for the construction project. Sometimes, the general contractor will be listed on signage at the construction site advertising their presence, making this determination easy. Otherwise, attorneys must search permits and other records at government offices to identify the general contractor. Even this, though, can be difficult, as, on more than one occasion, the general contractors listed on permit applications have taken the position that despite the listing, they were just used for paperwork and were not the real general contractor.  Some New York courts have permitted contractors to rely on this defense. 

Overall, the important thing to appreciate is that a sophisticated attorney is crucial to success when bringing a Labor Law claim arising from a construction accident. Trief & Olk regularly represents individuals injured on construction sites in a wide variety of circumstances. If you have been injured in a construction accident, contact Trief & Olk by telephone or via our website’s submission form to find out more about how Trief & Olk can help you.